Vermont Public Utility Commission

Largest Vermont electric utility, serving approximately 75% of the state including Chittenden, Washington, and Lamoille counties and surrounding regions

GMP has been an aggressive innovator under VPUC oversight, deploying battery storage programs (Powerwall leasing) and EV infrastructure; its 2024-2025 rate case resulted in scrutiny of capital expenditure recovery for grid modernization programs. The VPUC has historically pushed GMP to demonstrate cost-effectiveness of technology investments before allowing ratepayer cost recovery.

Central and southern Vermont; legacy CVPS territory absorbed into Eversource following merger, now functionally integrated under GMP parent Energizer Holdings structure — note: GMP acquired CVPS in 2012 and operates as combined entity

Post-merger integration obligations continue to be monitored by VPUC; merger condition compliance reporting remains an ongoing regulatory touchpoint for grid investment and customer service metrics.

Northeastern Vermont (Northeast Kingdom), including Orleans, Essex, and Caledonia counties — one of the most rural and economically challenged service areas in the state

VEC operates under VPUC jurisdiction and has sought rate relief to address aging infrastructure in low-density territory; the cooperative's integrated resource planning reflects heavy reliance on purchased power and limited local generation, raising cost allocation concerns.

Rural portions of Washington, Orange, and Caledonia counties in central Vermont

WEC has emphasized distributed renewable procurement and demand-side management programs; VPUC review of its power supply agreements and renewable energy certificate (REC) portfolios has been active given Vermont's Renewable Energy Standard compliance requirements.

City of Burlington, Vermont's largest city; operates independently of VPUC jurisdiction for most retail rate decisions but subject to state oversight on specific matters

BED achieved 100% renewable energy supply and is a national model for municipal renewable procurement; while largely self-regulated as a municipal utility, BED interfaces with VPUC on interconnection, net metering policy, and statewide Renewable Energy Standard frameworks.

Northwestern Vermont natural gas distribution serving Chittenden, Franklin, and Addison counties; only significant natural gas distribution utility in the state

VGS faces intensifying VPUC scrutiny as Vermont pursues aggressive building decarbonization and thermal sector electrification goals; recent rate proceedings have involved contested cost recovery for pipeline infrastructure as the long-term customer base trajectory is questioned by regulators and intervenors.

Key Issues

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